Self Assessment System(Sas) in Malaysia - 1160 Words

SELF ASSESSMENT SYSTEM(SAS) In the 1999 budget it was announced that the official assessment system (under which taxpayer were assessed to income tax under the Income Tax Act, 1967 by the IRB based on the tax returns filed by them) was to be relpaced by the self-assessment system. There are three type taxpayer which are companies,business,partnership and co-operatives and salaried individuals. The SAS for salaried individuals, businesses and partnership was implemented from YA 2004. For the companies the year implementation is 2001 The self assessment system is essentially a process by which taxpayers are required by law to determine the taxable income, compute the tax liability and submit their tax returns based on tax laws, policy†¦show more content†¦OFFENCES AND PENALTIES It is essential that there should be penalties for those taxpayers who fail to their duties and obligations under the Act. If a taxpayer infringes the tax law, he will have commited an offence for which he may be liable to penalties, fines and possible imprisonment. The provision regarding offences and penalties are found in Part VIII of the Act(Sections 112 to 126). A sessions court or a court of a magistrate of the first class (in East Malaysia) has the power to try an offence under the Act and, on conviction, to impose the full penalty provided for by the Act (Section 126).’ The various tax offences and the accompanying penalties are: 1) Failure to furnish return or notify chargeability(Section 112) A person who fails to make a return or fails to notify the DG that he is chargeable to tax in a year of assessment is liable to a fine of not less than RM200 and more than RM2000 or imprisonment for a maximum of six months or to both. Thus, the person is guilty of an offence and will be penalised unless the person has some reasonable excuse for his failure. 2) Incorrect Returns(Section 113) An offence is committed by a person who: a) Makes an incorrect return by omitting or understatning any income of which he is required to make a return on behalf of himself or another person b) Gives any incorrect information in relation to any matter affecting his own chargeability to tax or the chargeability to taxShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior and Strong Culture1260 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge and more ability to do the decision making among employees. How the organization become more effective? The key of the effective organization strength in five: 1. Leadership. 2. Decision making and structure 3. People. 4. Work process and system. This key to effective must have clear vision and priorities. The vision is important to all the organization to achieve the goal. The vision is to be leading the goal. The all organization structure can to be support the objective of the organizationRead MoreMalaysias Education Curriculums Correlation With Malaysias National Philosophy of Education2510 Words   |  11 Pages1957, Malaysia has gone through many changes in various fields. Among these changes were implementations of policies related to educational syllabus and the medium of instruction. The most important feature of this reform is that it was based on philosophy of education which was first documented. The National Philosophy of Education (NPE) which was introduced in 1989 acts as a guide for all educational activities in Malaysia. It sets the values and principles of the Malaysian education system fromRead MoreOld Town White Coffee 15103 Words   |  21 Pagestechnological and Socio-cultural environments that reflect s the countries attractiveness as a market. Literature review section looks at the increased globalization of world markets. A rationale for international trade is outlined, followed by an assessment of the factors that need to be considered before market selection and market entry can occur. An overview of current methodologies for market selection is briefly reviewed and illustrated later in great detail looking at how home grown companyRead MoreOreo and Pt Danone Biscuit15809 Words   |  64 Pagesbrands of LU, Tuc and Prince is dominating biscuit market in the world. Kraft will take over the assets of Danone in 20 countries including 36 factories. It will expand operations in emerging markets such as China, Russia, Poland, Indonesia and Malaysia, which represent 25% of the world biscuit market. Kraft Foods is the world largest food and beverage company with annual income of US$ 34 billion with brands like Kraft Cheese, Philadelphia cream cheese, Post Cereals, Nabisco Cookies and CrackersRead MoreCase Studies: Sas Airline Ryanair80169 Words   |  321 PagesHow did the deregulation of air transportation in Europe foster entrepreneurial behavior and innovation in the European airline industry over the last twenty years? Case studies: SAS Airline Ryanair Master Thesis in Entrepreneurship and Dynamic Business Contexts Spring 2007 Supervisor: Hà ¥kan Bohman Entrepreneurship Master Program Authors:
Gilles Helterlin and Nuno Ramalho
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Welfare Spending During The United States - 1782 Words

Welfare spending in the United States of America has been realizing negative effects on the economic standing of American society as a whole, more specifically in terms of long term growth in poverty rates and high levels of unemployment. As of the report for fiscal year 2011, the total funds spent for the â€Å"federal welfare programs amounted to roughly $ 1.03 trillion. . . This excludes entitlement programs to which people contribute (e.g. Social Security and Medicare)†, according to Sessions, J. (2011, p.1). SS expenditures in 2011 was $725 billion while for Medicare, it amounted to $ 480 billion. The analytical findings of Brady, D.( 2009, p.81) stated that â€Å"As countries devote a larger share of their economy to welfare, poverty declines steeply.† This happened to Scandinavia, Finland, and Sweden, and European continental countries like Netherlands and Belgium. USA was identified to have high poverty and low welfare expenses. He also made clear that poverty is not necessarily increased by higher welfare generosity.(p.84) and further says that it benefits all rather than just â€Å"the elderly or men† (p.87). The 5 features of welfare state were historically proven to reduce poverty thr ough greater generosity with (1) social welfare expenditures, (2) expenditures for public health, (3) social security, (4) government expenditures, and (5) â€Å"decommodification† (p.91). Brady, D. (p.92) also contends that public employment is less effective than welfare state generosity as aShow MoreRelatedWelfare Of The United States Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare in the United States began in the 1800’s when the colonies imported British Poor Laws. Before the Great Depression began in America, the government was already supporting certain programs such as the Civil War Pension Program was that passed in 1862 that gave aid to Civil War Veterans and their families. Once the Great Depression hit, unemployment rose and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, enacted the Social Security Act in 1935. The act formed a number of programs that provided aid to a widerRead MoreWelfare System : A Need Of Reform1022 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare System: In Need of Reform During the past two decades, predominantly since the mid-1990s, congress has intensely restructured the nation’s system of cash welfare assistance for low-income families. The welfare system was intended to be a safety net for those facing economic poverties in order to help workers get back on their feet. However, welfare programs seem to have spiked the unemployment percentage and increased expenditure on social welfare programs at expeditious rates. 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The Benefits of Gambling free essay sample

This paper outlines the benefits of responsible gambling and concludes that these benefits outweigh the drawbacks. This paper addresses the benefits of responsible gambling. These benefits include generation of revenue for state governments and local communities, relief in economically recessed communities, and as a form of entertainment. The paper also includes a history of gambling and explains how it is a social activity. The paper disproves that it is an addiction similar to a drug addiction and shows how the problems of gambling are overstated. Play not for gain, but sport; who plays for more than he can lose with pleasure stakes his heart. This quote by George Herbert defines the limits of gambling responsibly. Gambling, throughout history, has been viewed as immoral due to its supposedly addictive nature. Despite this immorality, gambling has proven to be an effective way to raise funds for deserving causes. Responsible gambling offers advantages, which outweigh its socially undesirable nature. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of Gambling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These advantages include benefits to state governments and local communities, popularity as a form of entertainment, and a non-addicting source for recreation.

Tagore and Hopkins Essay Example Essay Example

Tagore and Hopkins Essay Example Paper Tagore and Hopkins Essay Introduction Both the poets appreciated with a sense of wonder every object of nature in minute detail and at the name time saw in them a universal significance. Hopkins was a religious poet and Etageres appreciation, particularly in the west, was as a mystic poet. Both Étagà ¨re and Hopkins practiced a theocratic aestheticism. They felt that God is not merely the creator; he Is also the force behind each and every object of nature. Although there Is no concrete evidence that Étagà ¨re was acquainted with the poems of Hopkins, It may be deduced on the basis of some literary facts that such a possibility is not altogether a remote one. Key words: Victorian, sensuousness, painting, religion, prosody, sprung rhythm. A study In poetic affinities between Arbitrating Étagà ¨re and Gerard Manley Hopkins may perhaps seem a bit strange to the readers. Apparently there Is no connection between the two great poets?one belonging to Victorian England and the other’s poetic career spannin g from the last two decades of 1 9th century to the modern period in the 20th century. Survey of Étagà ¨re criticism also does not corroborate any resemblance between the two poets. Edward Thompson in his book Arbitrating Étagà ¨re: Poet and Dramatist points in one place to a possible resemblance between Etageres poem â€Å"Sea Waves† and Hopkins ‘The Wreck of the Deutsche† (71). In fact comparative study between two or more poets of different runes and belonging to different nations can be taken up by any scholar. But why do I choose Hopkins and no other poet to compare with Étagà ¨re probably requires an explanation. And here is my apology before I go into the details of my study. When I read the poetry of these two poets the affinities between them strike me as not something accidental, rather both of them appear to me as belonging to the same poetic tradition. Tagore and Hopkins Essay Body Paragraphs In respect of their poetic vision, their technique, their attitude o nature and the mundane world there is a remarkable similarity between the two minds. Besides, temperamentally also the two poets share a close relationship. Apart from being a poet Hopkins was also a painter Repeat Journal on Interdisciplinary studies Humanities (SINS 0975-2935), Volvo 2, NO 4, 2010 special Issue on Arbitrating Étagà ¨re, edited by Miriam Seen URL of the article: http://repeat. Common/no/disproportionate. PDF O www. repeat. Mom Repeat Journal Volvo 2 No 4 and showed a keen interest in music. The multitude of his drawings reveals his preoccupation with the beauty of nature. His numerous pencil sketches evince a clear influence of Russian’s The Elements of Drawing. Etageres genius was a versatile one?he was a poet, novelist, and dramatist all combined into one. Side by side he was also a painter of eminence and musician. Etageres drawings sometimes resemble Victorian illustrations (Negro 1 99) and like those of Hopkins his paintings also reveal an â€Å"intensity of visualization† (Negro 200). Both Hopkins and Étagà ¨re wanted, at one point of time, to opt for the career of a painter, and in both of their cases, the art of painting exerted considerable influence on their literary career. Hopkins made a number of pencil sketches and Étagà ¨re, on the other hand, made his early monochromes in pen. Both of them returned to painting at the later stage of their lives although in case of Hopkins the return, unlike Étagà ¨re, was rather desultory. The emphasis on the particular was a feature of both. Their drawings reveal their ability to observe critically and carefully and both of them could divine the Infinite in the finite. In a letter dated 28th November, 1928 Étagà ¨re wrote: The Joy that pictures bring is the Joy of definiteness; within the restraint of lines we see the particular with distinctness. Whatever the object I perceive whether it is a piece of stone, a donkey, a prickly shrub, or an old woman?I tell myself that I see it exactly as it is. Whenever I see a thing with exactness I touch the Infinite and feel delighted. (CTD. N Maitre 169) The ability to fuse the response to the beauties of external nature with a profoundly inward religious quest can also be seen in Hopkins. For example, on May, 1870 Hopkins recorded in his Journal: Oneida when the bluebells were in bloom I wrote the following. I do not think I Have ever seen anything more beautiful than the bluebell I have been looking at I know the tatty of our Lord by it. (199) Both the poets appreciated with a sense of wonder every object of nature in minute detail and at the same time saw in them a universal significance. In respect of poetic technique Étagà ¨re is acknowledged as an innovator in prosodic measures. In the â€Å"Introduction† to The Oxford Étagà ¨re Translation of Etageres Selected Poems Shanks Gosh discusses in some detail t he poet’s experiments with traditional prosodic measures. He observes that Arbitrating proceeds from Balk (Flying Geese, 1916) onwards to break free of patterns and conventions and evolve the masturbated or ere-bound’ verse form. This consists of rhymed lines (usually couplets) of irregular length and varying prosody, often drawing on conversational rhythms. And finally in the interim in Lippie), he sets aside all constraints by using free verse to capture the authentic patterns of contemporary life. (29) Hopkins is regarded as the innovator of a new rhythm?†Sprung rhythm†. Talking about the use of new rhythm in â€Å"The Wreck of the Deutsche† Hopkins wrote to 541 Arbitrating Étagà ¨re and Gerard Manley Hopkins: A Study in Poetic Affinities Dixon: â€Å"l had long had haunting my ear the echo of a new rhythm which now I legalized on paper† (Correspondence 14). And his rhythm, he himself said, was ‘oratorical’ and his advice always was to read his poems not with the eyes but with the ears: â€Å"My verse is less to be read than heard. † (Letters 46). What Hopkins wanted to point out was that the language of poetry should be energetic, forceful. Hopkins was thinking in a positive way about the shape or structure of the poetic medium and incidentally how it can achieve maximum stress or emphasis. Politically the two minds had something in common as far as their attitude to England as a colonial power was concerned. Both of them regretted and spoke against the unjust domination and oppression practiced by the British over countries like India and Ireland. Hopkins in a letter to Coventry Pattern wrote in 1886: I remark that those Englishmen who wish prosperity to the Empire (which is not all Englishmen or Britons, strange to say) speak of the Empire’s mission to extend freedom and civilization in India and elsewhere.. No freedom you can give us is equal to the freedom of letting us alone: take yourselves out of India, let us first be free of you. Then there is civilization. It should have been Catholic truth. That is the great end of Empires before God, to be Catholic and draw nations into their Catholicism. But our Empire is less and less Christian as it grows. (Hopkins Poems and prose 182-83) Etageres attitude towards the British government was not much different from that of Hopkins. When in 1903 Lord Curran was trying to divide Bengal there was wide spread protest all over Bengal. Étagà ¨re gave voice to the protest of his countrymen. Shanks Gosh observes: There was fierce resistance to the proposal, and Arbitrating became one of the Chief ideologues of that resistance. Through rallies, wrought the rakishness ceremony (tying the brotherly knot) that captured the popular imagination, through song after song, he strove to arouse the patriotism of his countrymen. † (Gosh 37) In 1919 after the brutal massacre in Shillelagh’s in Punjab Étagà ¨re str ongly condemned the incident and considered it a shame to use the Knighthood conferred Viceroy which was published in The Statesman, June 3, 1919, he wanted to be relieved of the honor. Never since Arbitrating used the title. Hopkins was a religious poet and Etageres appreciation, particularly in the west, was as a mystic poet. According to Sunlit Kumar Chatterer Étagà ¨re was a â€Å"mystic and devotional poet,† who â€Å"takes his place with the greatest seers, sages, and devotees of India and the world† (21). Mansard Josh also opines that ‘Étagà ¨re was looked up to as an oriental sage, a seer, a prophet† (40). Hopkins was ordained as a Jesuit priest in 1868 and for a time being he felt that he should not write poetry any more because the admiration and praise that he might enjoy 542 as a poet would be detrimental to his spiritual growth. So he decided not to write any more poems and there ensued a self enforced silence for seven years. He did not compose almost anything up to 1875. In a letter to R. W. Dixon Hopkins wrote in 1878: â€Å". L meant that it [fame] is a great danger in itself, as dangerous as wealth every bit, I should think, and as hard to enter the kingdom of heaven with† (Hopkins Poems and Prose 183). And it is almost the same view that Étagà ¨re held as far as the reputation of a poet is concerned. Although he never allowed his poetic career to suffer a break like that of Hopkins we may, at this point, take note of Etageres view on this. In a letter, dated 20th September, 1921, written to E. J. Thompson, who was a professor of English at Banker Wesleyan Mission College, (presently known as Banker Christian College) Étagà ¨re wrote: Reputation is the greatest bondage for an artist. I want to emancipate my mind from its grasp not only for the sake of my art, but for the higher purposes of life, for the dignity of soul. What an immense amount of unreality there is in literary reputation, an d I am longing. To come out of it as a ‘saying’, naked and aloof. (A Difficult Friendship 132-133) In a way Étagà ¨re was a ‘saying’ and he did achieve a kind of poetic ‘nirvana’ in his mature life when praise or adverse criticism did not affect him. Ill A close look at a number of Hopkins poems shows that the treatment of nature is reminiscent of the romantic tradition, particularly the Keating tradition. The sensuous appreciation of nature and her objects, the pictorial details, the use of words for their sonorous effects?all these are features of romantic poetry. I would like to quote here the first couple of lines from a poem â€Å"The Handover†, by Hopkins. The poem was composed in 1877, the most prolific year in Hopkins poetic career, and talking about the poem in 1879 in a letter to Robert Bridges, Hopkins himself said that the poem was â€Å"the best thing I ever wrote† (85). The poem begins thus: I caught this mornin g mornings minion, kingdom of daylight’s dauphin, dappled- drawn falcon In his riding. The handover, as described by the poet in the above lines, is a feast for the eyes. Is multicultural and the falcon is attracted by the beauty of the morning. The compound â€Å"dapple-dawn-drawn† reminds one of Keats. Wallboard Davies, one of the editors of Hopkins, rightly points out that â€Å"The bird is attracted by the dawn, certainly; but it is also pictorially â€Å"drawn’, being outlined vividly against the dawn light. And we suddenly realize that it is a poet who was also an artist† (Hopkins Major moms 24). Side by side with such sensuous description of nature the reader is struck by the brilliant use of alliteration and consonant chiming in the poem. The repetition of the â€Å"m† and â€Å"d† sound in the first and second lines respectively create a sonorous effect. Side by side in the first line the â€Å"inning† endings create an effe ct of consonant chiming. In fact the word â€Å"kingdom† has been deliberately broken in the middle by the poet keeping â€Å"king† in the first line and taking â€Å"doom† to the second for creating a sonorous effect. Hopkins always wanted his poems to be read aloud. We will write a custom essay sample on Tagore and Hopkins Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tagore and Hopkins Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tagore and Hopkins Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Definition and Examples of Syntactic Ambiguity

Definition and Examples of Syntactic Ambiguity In English  grammar, syntactic ambiguity is  the presence of two or more possible meanings within a single sentence or sequence of words. Also called structural ambiguity or  grammatical ambiguity. Compare with lexical ambiguity  (the presence of two or more possible meanings within a single word). The intended meaning of a syntactically ambiguous sentence can often (but not always) be determined by context. Examples and Observations The professor said on Monday he would give an exam.The chicken is ready to eat.The burglar threatened the student with the knife.Visiting relatives can be boring.This morning I shot an elephant in my pajamas. How he got in my pajamas I dont know.(Groucho MarxA lady with a clipboard stopped me in the street the other day. She said, Can you spare a few minutes for cancer research? I said, All right, but were not going to get much done.(English comedian Jimmy CarrPlanes can go around the world, iPhones can do a zillion things, but humans have not invented a machine that can debone a cow or a chicken as efficiently as a human being, says Alan Alanis, a JPMorgan Chase (JPM) analyst.(Bryan Gruley and Lucia Kassai, Brazilian Meatpacker JBS Wrangles the U.S. Beef Industry. Bloomberg Businessweek, September 19, 2013) Types of Ambiguity We can crudely classify the sorts  of ambiguity found in sentences as follows: 1. Pure syntactic ambiguity:old men and womenFrench silk underwear2. Quasi-syntactic ambiguity:The astronaut entered the atmosphere again.a red pencil3. Lexico-syntactic ambiguity:We saw her duck.I saw the door open.4. Pure lexical ambiguity:He reached the bank.What is his position? The statement pure syntactic ambiguity is meant ambiguity in which the variant readings of a sentence involve identical lexical units; the ambiguity is thus necessarily a matter merely of the way the elements are grouped together.(D. A. Cruse, Lexical Semantics. Cambridge University Press, 1986 Using Speech Cues to Decipher Syntactic AmbiguitySome sentences are syntactically ambiguous at the global level, in which case the whole sentence has two or more possible interpretations. For example, They are cooking apples is ambiguous because it may or may not mean that apples are being cooked. . . .One of the ways in which listeners work out the syntactic or grammatical structure of spoken sentences is by using prosodic cues in the form of stress, intonation, and so on. For example, in the ambiguous sentence The old men and women sat on the bench, the women may or may not be old. If the women are not old, then the spoken duration of word men will be relatively long and the stressed syllable in women will have a steep rise in speech contour. Neither of these prosodic features will be present if the sentence means the women are old.(M. Eysenck and M. Keane, Cognitive Psychology. Taylor Francis, 2005 Ambiguous StructuresSyntactic ambiguity occurs when a sequence of words can be structured in alternative ways that are consistent with the syntax of the language. For instance, . . . [this word group] is ambiguous: (1) a. John told the woman that Bill was dating. . . . In 1a, that Bill was dating could either be a relative clause (as in John told the woman that Bill was dating a lie) or a sentence complement (as in John told the woman that Bill was dating a liar).(Patrizia Tabossi et al., Semantic Effects on Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Attention and Performance XV, ed. by C. Umilt. MIT Press, 1994)

Five steps to finding purpose in your work

Five steps to finding purpose in your work There are millions of self-help posts about finding a sense of purpose at work. Most of them talk about the influence that purpose can have on one’s health, motivation, and job satisfaction. Some articles try to advise you on how to find true meaning and purpose, but once you start applying their techniques, you realize that they’re not very realistic. That’s because most posts discuss the philosophical notions of self-esteem, self-confidence, purposeful life, and meaningful existence, but they fail on providing any concrete advice on how to achieve anything real.A couple of years ago, when I was trying to find purpose in my work by connecting with organizations, I stumbled upon â€Å"Teach Me the Art of Small Steps† by Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry. The French author wrote it during a challenging period and it spoke to a lot of my own struggles. So I decided to apply the â€Å"art of small steps† to finding purpose in my everyday work. Guess what? It worked. And here is how.1. Think smallSounds counterintuitive I know, but hear me out. I always assumed that your life’s purpose should be ground-breaking - it should change the world and humanity. I missed the fact that purpose could be found in things like helping your coworker with a project, providing professional advice to your intern or keeping your colleagues level-headed during a stressful time.We always think of purpose as something vague and unattainable, but once we change our attitude towards it, it becomes entirely possible to find purpose in everyday tasks. Instead of setting ambitious goals all at once, try setting smaller goals one day at a time. Chipping away at smaller goals every day will allow you to feel more impactful.2. It’s about the journey, not the destinationA lot of people think that purpose is a destination. We get there, we change, we order a glass of rosà ©, and we chill. If this way of thinking applies to you, it is time for a persona l paradigm shift. Purpose is about the journey; where all the small steps that we make bring us one step closer to realizing our true passions.Once you’ve reached this proverbial â€Å"destination†, suddenly you lose interest. The journey is about discovering ourselves, discovering others and discovering life happening right in front of us. And remember that you are not alone in your quest (only 34% of US workers feel engaged at work).Finding purpose in your work is not going to happen overnight. It might take a couple of years. What matters most is for you to enjoy your every day and think of life as a journey.3. Play to your strengthsMost people who are having a hard time finding purpose in their work start to fix their weaknesses, as if that’s where the problem lies. Recent studies show that people who know and use their strengths are more likely to find purpose in what they do and are usually more satisfied with their work.This idea doesn’t mean ignor ing your weaknesses – it only suggests to first know your strengths and utilize them first. I used HIGH5, a strengths finder that helped me explore my top five strengths and the ways to effectively use them at work.1 in every 3 individuals can’t accurately name their strengths, so feel free to enlist the help of friends and family to pinpoint your best attributes. Once you start using your strengths, you will increase your confidence and be more likely to find purpose in your work.4. Stop thinking of purpose as a luxuryMany people think that purpose is a luxury that requires a lot of resources. This is one of the main reasons why people never succeed in finding purpose. If you think of something as being luxurious and reserved to a small group of people, you start to alienate yourself from the idea that it’s accessible to you. This makes it easier to lose motivation to even pursue purpose.Understanding that finding purpose does not require a lot of resources wil l help you find it more easily.Simplify it. Think of it as an artless act. Give it two minutes every day, and you will see that anyone can achieve personal success.5. Match purpose with meaningYou will find purpose way easier if you match it with meaning. Ask yourself what you value most. Is it empathy? Is it collaboration? Maybe positive change?Let’s say you value collaboration. Then try to find ways to collaborate more with your colleagues, other departments, or your clients. If you do something that holds meaning, it will undoubtedly light a fire in your belly and add meaning to your work.The desire for purposeful work is a modern human need. It’s a continuous journey of finding what you like and applying it to your work by taking small steps every day. Once you discover your purpose, you’ll find the motivation needed to succeed in your everyday life.About the author:Anatoli Chernyaev is a content marketing manager born in Armenia and currently residing in Ly on, France. He writes about various topics such as self-awareness, positive thinking, personal development, and career advice.

Byzantine Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Byzantine Empire - Essay Example These books and codes were largely accepted in the East but failed to make substantial impact in the west and thus contributed to the divide which has started to rise. Justinian ambitiously tried to reconquer all the Western lands that Rome had lost to the barbarians. Justinian became the emperor in 527 and ruled until 565 and proved him to be an able ruler and he was in fact responsible for the rise of the Byzantine Empire and gave Eastern Rome a separate identity. It was his great reign which is considered to be the birth of the Byzantine Empire. Justinian successfully reconquered much of the territory that had fallen into barbarian hands. In the first phase of his projects, the entire north coast of Africa fell under Byzantine rule. Next he fought the Ostrogoths in Italy. But in 18 years of siege and counter-siege (535-553), Rome changed hands six times which means he stabilized the Eastern part but the Western part was falling which ultimately resulted in the lost of Roman identi ty and birth of the Byzantine Empire. The New Groups The wars were taking place and the barbarians were becoming powerful but at the same time new groups were also rising which included the Christians and the Muslims. The Christian priests were spreading the faith among the masses and Christianity was made the official region of the empire which meant that the Roman temples and Oracles were no more the centers of religion and the holy was now redefined and Churches were the place of worship now. Byzantium Defense Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city was the most important factor in the increasing the strength of the Empire since it was naturally protected against the invaders and could not be conquered with ease no matter how strong and advanced the invading army was. The high... Byzantine Empire Through the 4th century while the Roman Empire was still united there were two capitals following the political will of the same emperor. There was a split in the empire but the two states were not antagonistic to each other since they were a single empire on technical grounds but the series of events that took place in the 5th century lead to the collapse of the Western part while the Eastern part survived but was reduced to a medium sized empire which was more akin to the Persia than to Gaul. The East Held-back The diplomatic and political distances between the two parts of the empire were becoming more and more and the administrative and infrastructure crises in addition to the wars fueled the deteriorating situation. The war with the Visigoths was fought alone by the western wing of the empire and eastern wing instead of sending troops to defend the western borders strengthened its own capital. The infrastructure which was decaying on the western fronts was not repaired by the ea stern richer wing because they were no more concerned about the bridge between the two wings which was holding them together. Role of Justinian Emperor Justinian of the east is well-known for his efforts for driving away the barbarians and restoring glory to the Roman Empire. Another great effort by Justinian was the legislative initiatives he took. Thus the historians have legitimately renamed the Eastern Rome as Byzantine Empire because the Roman identity no more existed.

Analysis of ethical dilemma that has been addressed by a professional Essay

Analysis of ethical dilemma that has been addressed by a professional journalist - Essay Example Why? c. What was the effect of the decision on the individuals involved and on the community in general? What would have been the effect of a different choice in addressing this ethical decision? d. Are there any relevant laws that influenced the journalist’s decision? If so, what does the law state, and how did it affect the decision? Are there any legal implications to the decision? Ethical Dilemma Addressed by a Professional Journalist Chosen Report The report chosen to be analyzed for this paper is entitled â€Å"The boy with a broker heart: special problems with juveniles are newsmakers† written by Richard Paxson (2011). Case facts revealed the story of a 14 year old boy, Jody Collins, who accidentally caused the death of a schoolmate when punched at the back. Apparently, the schoolmate, named Justin Charlie, was reported to have had a â€Å"plastic valve sewn into his heart a month before to fix a birth defect. When Jody hit Charlie, the blow ripped out stitches holding the valve in the aorta, according to the autopsy report. Charlie’s heart stopped beating† (Paxson, 2011, par. 3). Reporter Nick Lamberto investigated the facts behind the incident by pursuing Jody at his home and interviewing him without seeking prior consent from an adult. Subsequent news reports have identified Jody when he was charged with involuntary manslaughter and assault. Adding insult to injury, Jody, who was previously identified as a victim to a sexual abuse and testified in court during the uncle’s (perpetuator’s) trial, was concurrently reported and sensationalized. a. What is the ethical issue or dilemma? The ethical issue presented in the article encompassed violations of privacy, giving informed consent, competencies of children, environmental and social context, among others. Privacy issues have been clearly defined by the reporter’s lawyers, especially in cases involving juveniles who have allegedly committed some criminal offense but has not been charged as of the date of scheduled report. In addition, there were policies against naming sexual abuse victims to protect the identity and absolve them from social stigma. The ethical issue of getting consent from adults, not from the children, was likewise violated by the reported. The subject of seeking consent proves to be controversial in terms of who the journalists should seek consent from in addition to the children themselves, the subject of competence is more debatable due to the age by which competence in children is agreed on. In this case, despite the apparent intent of Jody to seek the presence and consent from his stepfather, the reported disregarded the ethical obligation to seek consent from the adult and proceeded on interviewing Jody alone. Competence was clearly depicted by Alderson (1995) as having 3 characteristics: understanding, wisdom, and freedom. At the age of 14, Jody is still considered a juvenile and as such, competence is stil l compromised. Ethical issues of the environment and society were eminent through the pressures and actions manifested by neighbors, to wit: â€Å"eggs already had been tossed at his home and at a van he was riding in† (Paxson, 2011, par. 17). Also comments from Jody’s neighbors have supposedly attested to the boy’s violent and aggressive behavior; seemingly rationalizing and justifying the reporter’s intention to publish his identity. What choices did the journalist have when reporting on the issue, and why did he or she decide the way he or she did?

Applied Criminal Justice Ethics Essay Example for Free

Applied Criminal Justice Ethics Essay My interviewee was Commander Hamry, of the Milton police department in Washington. When interviewing Commander Hamry, I found the following to be his impressions of the police force in general: Why are ethics and character so important in the field of law enforcement? Because we represent everything we believe in, not only in local and state law, but the Constitution of the United States. We are part law enforcement, lawyer, priest, counselor, mother/father figure etcat any given moment. We have a nano-second to decide whether or not to shoot whereas everyone else has months/years to decide if that action was proper or not. Due to an elevated level of training and discipline, we are held to a higher standard. This includes: morals, ethics, actions/decisions which the public has entrusted its care to us which go back to the issues when the tea was first thrown into the harbor. Do the interviewees feel that police are more ethical today, or were they more ethical ten years ago? Due to immediate access of public information and technology, the magnification of the microscope has been increased. However, that is something that evolves with public perception, the legal system, etc where something that was common place and ethical 100 years ago would not be considered today. People are basically good and the basic Judeo/Christian principle upon which our system is founded has remained, for the most part, unchanged. Why do police officers become involved in misconduct? To over simplify the answer, because they are human. They make mistakes like anyone else or experience temptations in which they cannot or choose not to handle. No different than the clerk who pockets a dollar when no one is looking. Do the interviewees feel that there is enough training offered in ethics at the police academy level? If not, why is that? Ethics are like character building and/or common sense. It evolves with experience and upbringing. How would you teach common sense or character? However, a strong emphasis IS placed on ethics in the law enforcement academies, but the basic concept and belief in such values has to be present to start with. Those that dont develop the concept strong enough should be weeded out during the background phase of the hiring process. People can change and develop a stronger sense of ethics (I believe) as to the examples set by those they are influenced by or choose to be influenced by. Should ethics training be offered as an ongoing process for law enforcement officers? Yes, and I believe it will remain an integral part of the basic academy program. Do the interviewees feel that education and/or training in ethics would reduce incidents of police corruption? Yes and No. The elevated awareness may make them think about it more. But it is also a lifestyle and belief in the basic system that we work within. This is no different than being asked to go out and enforce laws that we do not either believe in, or question. We dont make the laws, we merely enforce those that the people have asked to be on the books and thus should act the same. Being within law enforcement is like living in a fish bowl. You are always under the scrutiny of the public perception on and off duty. You are judged by how your kids act in school, to how you look or what you do when you go to town.

Free Essays - Circular Life in When the Legends Die :: When Legends Die Essays

  Circular Life(When The Legends Die)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the Legends Die, by Hal Borland, is a novel in which traces the life of Tom Black Bull from a young Indian boy to an older, mature adult.   Thus meaning When the Legends Die is a bildungsroman.   A bildungsroman is a novel in which the protagonist from beginning to the end matures, and in a classic bildungsroman, undergoes a spiritual crisis. His life is filled with many obstacles and affected by many people positively and negatively.   Throughout the story he overcomes these obstacles and lives through the people.   His attitude is affected with the presence of the other characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Soon after the death of Tom’s father, George Black Bull, Tom is left to be the man of the family.   Bessie states to Tom after burying his father, â€Å"‘Now you are the man.’†(29) That one statement has a lot of meaning.   On one hand it means he has to provide for him and his mom.   By hunting for food to help him and his mom stay alive and survive.   Then he has to be able to catch enough to eventually save for winter.   Then, during the winter, his mom dies from sickness.   He brings her up to where his father was buried and buries his mom right next to his father, singing the song for going away.   Bessie was a positive influence to Tom, she had taught him how to live: cook, sing the old songs, and doing things in the old way.   On the other hand she was negative, because everyone else in the story was starting to live in the new ways and adapting to it, while she did not even teach Tom anything about the new ways.   With the lack of his mother now, he has no one to live with, care for, except for himself, but without an adult in his life.   But now he is now forced to choose his own choice and learn from them since he has no one to help him through life.   For his mother, was not only his caretaker but also his teacher and mentor for living in the old ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Soon after living alone for a while on the mountain, he is tricked into going to a reservation school.   Then from there, he escapes then returns and ends up being an aid for a sheepherder.   Within a short a period of time, he is taken in the hands of Red Dillon.

Persuasive Essay- Ipads in Kindergarten Essay

In 2011, ten years after Maine began issuing laptops to all seventh graders, the Auburn School System launched an initiative to provide an iPad 2 for each of its students entering kindergarten. At a cost of roughly $200,000- representing a 5% increase in the school budget (Opinions Divided†¦) some taxpayers were less than pleased- calling it a complete waste of money. But in Auburn- and schools around the country- trends are emerging and showing the iPad to be a powerful learning tool and a necessary investment in our children’s future. For over a decade, Maine has been at the forefront of integrating technology into public schools and there is no reason to stop now. Despite the high cost to institute this program, Auburn should continue to provide iPads to students entering kindergarten. Auburn is not alone in providing iPads to kindergarteners. In fact, kindergarten students in Maine, Tennessee, and South Carolina have received iPads to supplement their teacher’s instruction. While the iPad cannot replace the human interaction of a teacher, it is a great addition to the classroom, at a time when the teacher to student ratio keeps getting larger and larger. Laura Shaw, principal of Sherwood Heights School recently said, â€Å"When you have eighteen kids in the classroom and you see ten kids, hands raised up, the teacher does her best to get around. But sometimes with the iPads and certain apps the kids get immediate feedback. They know what they’ve done is correct and they can move on, or they know ‘Oh, I need to ask for help,’† (Porter). For example, a child can play â€Å"Feed the Hippos Hot Peppers. † In this app the child counts aloud while feeding the hippo. The teacher can adjust the app difficulty to â€Å"count† or â€Å"add† peppers, depending on the child’s capabilities. When the child answers the problem correctly, the iPad responds with a round of applause; an immediate cue to the child that they were correct (Lemeshow). Initially, Auburn Schools split the children into two groups when first issuing the iPads in 2011. Half of the children received iPads during the first week of school, the other half received their iPads in mid-November; effectively creating a control group to gage learning. Although the study lasted just 9 weeks, the results were promising. When tested, students who received their iPads in the first week of school scored higher in 9 out of 10 areas, compared with children who did not. One area in particular really stood out: recognizing sounds and writing letters. Kindergartners with iPads gained 13. 72 points, compared to an 11. 58-point gain for students who did not have iPads. That difference is significant, said Mike Muir, the Multiple Pathways leader for Auburn schools (Auburn Report: iPads). When pupils use iPads, more learning does not seem like a far stretch. With 100’s of learning apps available for download, teachers are able to customize the iPad and tailor the lesson to the individual child’s needs. This way, advanced children can reach their highest potential without becoming bored while the rest of the class catches up. On the other side, if one or two children are struggling, the rest of the class can move on, while the child receives the help she needs. Sherwood Heights Elementary School kindergarten teacher Susan Lemeshow called the iPads â€Å"one of the most powerful teaching tools I’ve ever used. †¦ I can put her on one book, her on a different level book,† she said of two girls in her class. Pupils are doing the same lesson, â€Å"but at the level they need,† she said (Report Say Giving†¦). So what is the problem? Those who oppose the program site the cost- around $800 per student entering kindergarten- as a major issue and wonder if a kindergartener is responsible enough to handle such an expensive piece of equipment. Others worry children may not learn to read and write properly. Auburn hopes the high level of testing done in the beginning of the school year will line them up for educational grants to relieve taxpayers of the burden from having to foot the bill. At the end of the year, the school system will also be able to compare this year’s kindergarten to previous years, with hopes of even better results. Regarding concerns of the students learning to write, it is important for people to understand that children are not using the iPads all day. The use of iPads is balanced. Students are still using crayons, markers, and traditional books. They are still learning how to hold pencils or crayons, and how to write (3 Auburn Teachers†¦). The iPads are a â€Å"center-based† activity with the children using them in 15-minute increments 2 to 3 times per day. Each iPad has a protective case, and students are not allowed to bring them home (Lemeshow). Providing iPads to students as an educational tool is invaluable. With the iPads children have become excited about learning. â€Å"We are seeing high levels of student motivation, engagement and learning in the iPad classrooms,† said Sue Dorris, Principal of East Auburn School (NooNoo). Children born in today’s world grow up bombarded by technology in every aspect of their lives- except school- so an iPad as a learning tool is appealing to them. It really gets their attention and keeps them engaged. The results are more learning and better test scores. With technology always evolving, newer apps, and programs, the possibilities really are endless. Auburn’s plan is to purchase and iPad for each new pupil entering kindergarten. The iPad will stay with the student from kindergarten through 6th grade. With this plan Auburn hopes to have an iPad in the hands of every elementary student in the district by 2017. If every student is equipped with an iPad, the world of digital text books emerges- which could amount to huge savings. In this digital world, it is not really a question of if we can afford this; but more a question of if we can afford not to? Works Cited Lemeshow, Susan. Telephone interview. 27 Apr. 2012. NooNoo, Stephen, ed. â€Å"Kindergarten iPad Initiative Reveals Modest Literacy Gains. † T. H. E. Journal. 1105 Media, Inc. , 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. . Porter, Tim. â€Å"A School System in Maine Gives iPads to Kindergartners. † Voice of America. N. p. , 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . Washuk, Bonnie. â€Å"Auburn Report: iPads Help Kindergartners’ Learn. † McClatchy – Tribune Business News (Feb. 2012): n. pag. ProQuest Central K12. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . – – -. â€Å"Opinions Divided Over iPads for Auburn Kindergartners. † Sun Journal [Lewiston, Maine] 8 Apr. 2011, Lewiston-Auburn ed. : n. pag. Sun Journal. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . – – -. â€Å"Report Says Giving iPads to Auburn Kindergartners Increases Test Scores. † Bangor Daily News 16 Feb. 2012: n. pag. BangorDailyNews. Com. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. . – – -. â€Å"3 Auburn Teachers Give iPads High Grade. † Sun Journal [Lewiston, Me. ] 20 Oct. 2011.

Data Based Question

During the eighteenth century in Manchester, life was inhospitable, sullen, and difficult. Bodily and factory waste was strewn upon the streets, children were working In dangerous conditions, and factories overcrowded Manchester. Due to all the toxic fumes and disgusting street waste, people were getting sick. Families had to have their children go to work instead of school because money was hard to come by. Due to the increase in population in Manchester during the eighteenth century, many issues such as environmental health, wealth, and a population boom occurred in the social and political environments.She describes how magnificent things came out of hard, torturous labor. This document shows how awful the industrial revolution was at the time, but how ultimately, great things came out of it. Over time, working conditions improved in the Industrial Revolution. (William Abram, journal article,10) â€Å"The condition of the factory laborers has been vastly improved within the last quarter of a century†¦ Reduced to ten hours a day†¦ Wages-thanks mainly to accelerated machinery and improved working conditions-have largely increased†¦Sickness and mortality have been reduced to an extent that is almost incredible. † This document shows the different points of views from different journalists. In the previous documents depicted, the Journalists have written about how awful life was in the Industrial Revolution, however this Journalist wrote from a positive point of view; unbiased. This document expresses the idea that positive things eventually emerged from the dark despair of the Industrial Revolution. Due to the Industrial Revolution, a population boom occurred. W. H. Thomas, History of Manchester,l) The first map shows about one sixth of Manchester under development. The second shows Just about all of Manchester covered in areas of development, railroads, and canals. This relates to my thesis by showing how the growth of laboring factories affected Manchester in the eighteenth century. † Manchester, the Workshop of the World†¦ Seat of commerce and manufacture, which it has recently attained and for which it is distinguished beyond any other town in the British Dominions or indeed the world. (Whelan and Co. , document 9) This comment is relevant to my thesis because it states how the â€Å"Workshop of the World† boomed and excelled because of the population and growth of industries in Due to the increase of population in Manchester during the eighteenth century, many reactions such as environmental health, wealth, and a population boom occurred in the social and political environments, but ultimately the industrial revolution lead to many great things for the world that changed history forever.The Industrial Revolution is significant to our history because it lead to many new improvements for the world even though negative things such as poor health, child contemplated the idea of unifying the states. Due to the past wars and issues, the nations of Europe dealt with great conflict among one another regarding communism, trading, and alliance with distant countries. The people and countries of Europe were battered and broken from the war and great caution was taken among them all in fear of more strife and damage. Some nations were in favor of unity and others were opposed to the idea of unifying the nations of Europe.

Feminist Movement in America essays

Feminist Movement in America essays In the nineteenth century, women were compelled to precise social duties in male dominated societies. Their jobs were to take care of the home, raise the children, make sure there was peace in the family, follow a husbands orders, and make the home a comfortable and carefree place to live. In Kate Chopins The Awakening, three main characters, Edna Pontellier, Madame Adele Ratignolle, and Mademoiselle Reisz, portray particular roles that either establish or contradict these social dichotomies. Each womans representation of character in the nineteenth century helps illustrate the feminist movement in America, a continuous struggle that has helped shaped the lives of women in todays society. Edna Pontellier, the main character of the story, is a woman who does not only acknowledge her own wants and desires, but also has the strength and courage to act on them. Edna is a handsome, engaging woman who is valued by society for her physical appearance. Breaking through the role that has been appointed to her by society, she discovers her own identity independent of her husband and children. At the beginning of the novel, Edna is comfortable in her marriage to Leonce Pontellier, and is unaware of her own feelings and ambitions. Author Barbara Welters The Cult of True Womanhood presents four cardinal virtues that women were thought to have in the nineteenth century, one of them being purity. When a woman married she was to be pure until her wedding night, and once she joined in this union with her husband, she belonged to him. Welter implies in her essay that marriage was, literally, an end to innocence. She told not to question this dilemma, but simply to accept it (Welter 118). As time progresses, Edna Pontellier begins to see her marriage to Leonce as a life full of responsibility and unwanted duties, rather than a life full of passion. She no long...

Dear Abby Letters for Learning English

Dear Abby Letters for Learning English This lesson plan focuses on modeling a lesson on Dear Abby, written by Abigail Van Burenin, in order to practice a wide range of English skills including reading, vocabulary extension, writing, and pronunciation. Its a fun exercise that helps students practice concepts they have learned in class and is suitable for upper intermediate to advanced level students. Introduction to Dear Abby For those of you who have never heard of Dear Abby, Dear Abby is an advice column in the United States which is syndicated in many newspapers throughout the country. People from all walks of life write in with their problems - family, financial, but mostly relationships - to ask for advice from Dear Abby. Writers usually sign the letters to Dear Abby with a descriptive phrase such as Hoping to feel better soon or Looking for an answer. Abby then replies to the letters with sound advice that is usually quite reasonable, even for very complicated situations. Why Advice Columns in Class? Using advice columns in class allows students have quite a bit of fun with some crazy - or not so crazy - situations while, at the same time, practicing some very high-level skills and integrating quite a lot of new vocabulary related to relationships, family life, etc. I have found students enjoy themselves. However, they also feel challenged as they will need to communicate in both written and spoken form. Lesson Outline Aim: Practice reading, writing, and pronunciation with special focus on giving advice Activity: Reading, then creating and finally presenting and commenting orally on advice column letters Level: Upper intermediate to advanced Outline Begin by introducing advice columns by asking students whether they have ever read an advice column. If they are unfamiliar with this term, describe a typical reader letter and advice response as most students will be familiar with this type of column.Read or show the students an example Dear Abby letter provided as an example at the bottom of this page.Split students into pairs.Visit Dear Abby online and present a few letters and responses to your student. Its best if you use a projector in class, but using one or more computers can work as well.Ask each pair to read both the reader letter and the response of different columns. Students should take note of new vocabulary and expressions to share with the rest of the class.Once students understand their advice column, have them switch partners and each partner should explain the basic problem and response of the advice letter they read.After students have worked through their readings, list new vocabulary and discuss idiomatic usage with the entire class. Have each student write their own advice column letter. Go around the room helping the students with grammar and vocabulary issues.Once everyone has written their advice column letter, quickly review the concept of stress and intonation as a means of improving pronunciation skills.Ask students to mark up their letter by underlining content words to help with pronunciation.Have each student read their advice column letter to the class. Students should then choose an Abby to provide suggestions on their issue.If students have difficulty in understanding, request that the letter in question be reread by the student to the class. Advice Column Letters Worried about Love Dear ...: I dont know what to do! My boyfriend and I have been dating for over two years, but I feel like he doesnt really love me. He rarely asks me out anymore: We dont go to restaurants, or shows. He doesnt buy me even the smallest of presents. I love him, but I think hes taking me for granted. What should I do? - Worried About Love Response Dear Worried About Love: I think its clear from your description that your boyfriend doesnt really love you. Two years is not such a long time to be dating, and the fact that he treats you like a toy he can ignore speaks volumes about his true feelings. Get out of the relationship as fast as you can! There are many more wonderful men out there who will appreciate, and treasure your love - dont waste it on an oaf who clearly has no clue as to your worth!

Cyber Threat in a Finance Organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cyber Threat in a Finance Organisation - Essay Example Identifying the loopholes in the existing regulatory framework for cyber crime will be the essence of the second part of this report. In the final part, the paper will try to recommend a viable solution which can at least decrease the magnitude of cyber threat in terms of identity fraud for financial organizations. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 1.1Aim and methodology 5 1.2 The report 6 Chapter 2: Identity Fraud in Cyber Space 6 Chapter 3: Are there enough safeguards? 8 Chapter 4: Strategic Interventions 10 Chapter 5: Conclusion 13 Reference 15 Figure Number Name Page Number Figure 1 Decision Check Box 10 Introduction Since the birth of World Wide Web (WWW) in the hand of Sir Timothy John "Tim" Berners-Lee, internet usage has traveled a long distance in the horizon of time. According to the report published by CNN News Story (2005), global cyberspace users have increased by more than 1 billion in last one decade. Although the internet has started its journey as the magic technology which provides information later on it has established its ubiquitous presence in all our daily life needs, for example, one can even conduct financial or banking transactions by taking help of internet without going to the bank. It will be erratic to believe that such development of internet age has only offered benefits for mankind and not given the means to wrongdoers to commit crime through an online platform. Rather the opposite scenario is true, crime through internet or cybercrime has increased manifold in last few years due to human civilizations overexposure to the internet. Fletcher (2007) has reported that in many countries such as Brazil, Russia, and UK etc internet financial fraud has outpaced the money lost through bank robbery. The surprising fact is that public awareness about the threat of cybercrime, internet hacking is pretty low despite being the fact that activities of hackers are creating a negative impact on the financial system of a count ry in a regular interval (Fletcher, 2007). Fletcher (2007) has also reported that cyber criminals or malicious hackers not only hack personal information of users but also rob the money from the account of users by using the hacked information. Hence, the situation cannot be taken in light-hearted manner rather stringent regulatory reform is required in order to restore the safety of internet usage. Now, readers of this essay might question that why government and cybercrime agency is not taking steps to regulate the cyberspace? Well, it is not so easy. For example, Sofaer and Goodman (2001) have reported that internet is a large hemisphere of information which has multiple information channels and transaction points hence creating standard investigative instruments for all these issues is almost impossible. The important fact is that the internet is a free source hence no can control it in 100% accurate manner; a company can create a firewall to prevent hackers to access user infor mation but there is no guaranty that the firewall will give 100% safety. Grabosky et al (2001) have argued that magnitude of cybercrime which threatens the internet security is far greater than the traditional criminal activities such as robbery, misrepresentation or theft berceuse cybercrime can be carried out in geographically boundaryless manner.  

TOURETTE SYNDROME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TOURETTE SYNDROME - Essay Example The purpose of the paper is to identify and describe the most typical causes and symptoms of TS, explain how it affects a patient psychologically and describe current treatment methods and medication applied to patients with TS. Speech and language difficulties have also been implicated. Recent research has focused on linguistic aspects of vocal tics, suggesting that such tics do not occur randomly but are located according to the clausal boundaries or at points of low information within sentences. Other research indicates word finding and speech volume regulation difficulties. The incidence of TS appears to be unrelated to race or socioeconomic status, although individuals of Jewish or East European heritage may be more commonly affected. People with these origins may have a greater genetic predisposition toward TS, but it seems more likely that referral bias and other cultural factors affect the expression and tolerance of the symptoms. There is no apparent relation of TS to birth weight, birth order, parental age, medical history of individuals or families, or psychiatric history. TS is understood generically to be a complex tic disorder with a lifelong course. A triad of components is necessary to make the diagnosis; the presence of generalized tics and involuntary utterances that may be obscene or suggestive, onset in childhood, and a course that involves a fluctuation of signs throughout the life span but typically is not severely disabling (Heyman and Chowdhury, 2004). The factors that influence the continuity of tic disorders from childhood to adol escence to adulthood are not well understood. Researchers (Waltz, 2001) assume that there is probably an interaction between maturation of the central nervous system and emotional distress along the maturational course. Environmental factors (e.g., toxins and infections) and genetic factors have been cited as possible etiologic factors in this group of disorders. Also, â€Å"and physical exhaustion will

Chapter 4 results and discussion Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Chapter 4 results and discussion - Dissertation Example The study was two-fold. One aspect looked at the differences in the frequency with which low proficiency language learners’ use various types of metacognitive, cognitive and socio-affective strategies as well as the overall frequency level for each category in general. The other aspect of the study looked at differences in the frequency with which the female and male gender used the same set of strategies. The overall results indicate a medium level of frequency in the utilisation of listening strategies for each major category of strategies for both high proficiency and low proficiency language learners. A similar result was obtained for the frequency with which males and females used these strategies. There were some differences within each category with the cognitive strategies category and the socio-affective strategies category showing wider variations in the level of frequency used by both low proficiency and high proficiency language learners as well as between the stra tegies. There was also some variation within each category in terms of the frequency with which males and females used each strategy with the cognitive strategies category showing a wider level of variation in terms of the different levels of frequencies between the strategies and between males and females. ... However, the high proficiency group used metacognitive strategies and cognitive strategies at a higher level of frequency based on the mean frequency scores, than the low proficiency group. In the case of socio-affective strategies, the low proficiency group used these strategies at a higher level of frequency than the high proficiency group. Table 4.1 provides a statistical description of the three main categories of listening strategies used by high proficiency and low proficiency groups. 4.1.1 Differences in the three main categories The results indicate that there were no major differences in terms of the frequency with which each category of strategies were used. Each of the strategies was used with medium frequency. Table 4.1 shows the three main categories of listening strategies used; the groups – high and low proficiency; the number of participants in each group; the mean scores of each group (M); the standard deviation (SD); and the frequency with which each category of strategies was used. Table 4.1 – Statistical Description of the 3 Main Categories of Listening Strategy Used by High and Low Proficiency Groups Category of strategies Group N M SD Frequency Metacognitive strategies High 10 3.24 0.78 Medium Low 10 3.15 0.62 Medium Cognitive strategies High 10 3.18 0.72 Medium Low 10 3.03 0.42 Medium Socio-affective strategies High 10 2.75 0.78 Medium Low 10 2.84 0.55 Medium Total strategies High 10 3.12 0.78 Medium Low 10 3.04 0.57 Medium N: participant's number M: mean SD: Standard Deviation Frequency: how frequently strategies were used Table 4.1 indicates the frequency with which the ten participants in the high and low proficiency groups used each of three listening strategies. Using a frequency of high, medium and low which is

Issues of Healthcare Work and Safety for Employees

Issues of Healthcare Work and Safety for Employees Aims of this assignment are to give a clear understanding of the role of the healthcare assistant, regarding issues found in healthcare. To explain some of the causes, symptoms relating to the healthcare worker and safety and health in the workplace. The aims are also to give an incite to occupational illness and some preventive measures. Following the aims I will make some recommendations and improvements that can be make to improve the health and safety within the workplace. Upon finishing this assignment I will finish with an evaluation of my findings. Noise and Sound. Many health care assistants work in a noisy environment, radio, televisions clients (shouting, banging), phones ringing, bells, machines and trollies squeaking and creaking. The Hazard here results in a working environment that affects the health care assistants concentration, this in turn results increased work place injuries. Risk Hearing is affected for both the health care assistants and the clients, causing the clients to become agitated with the constant noise. Leaving clients and staff feeling agitated with one another. Control here would be to reduce the level of noise within the care environment. Special noise absorbing panels can be hung on walls to reduce the noise level. These panels were introduced into an Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Centre, (Georgia Tech Research Institute). Reducing the noise level within the home from 16 speakers to 1 speaker noise level. Also, helping the veterans to sleep better. Sometimes its a case of getting a hearing aid for a client. Stress never have enough time to carry out jobs. The Hazard here results in jobs rushed to get everything done. Stress is also caused by aggressive clients sometimes treats of violence or actual violence, bad management over worked staff not enough staff resources stretched, bullying due to a client demanding the care assistant do jobs there not supposed to do alone or another member of staff. Risk Lack of concentration, low appetite, tiredness, lack sleep from worrying about work, can cause bad concentration, mental health issues, absenteeism, no patience, snappiness, and physical issues. In severe cases the health care assistant might take their own life as seeing no way out. If its a case of bullying keep records and record findings. Control carry out a risk assessment on the working environment. Control the workload making sure its shared equally among staff. Improve staff working conditions. Ensure staff can voice their opinion to management without repercussions. Keep up to date with in house training. Introduce a wellbeing programme or mindfulness teaching staff how to unwind. Cater for the individual persons needs. As health care assistants, we should follow healthy lifestyles staying fit and active. Also, make sure you know your company policy and health and safety act 2005, know your rights. Dangerous Chemicals fumes and dust example cleaning. Hazard Health care assistant role also include using dangerous chemicals regarding fumes and dust particles in the atmosphere. Risk untrained staff and clients exposed to chemicals. Staff that havent taken part in induction training are at serious risk to burns, breathing difficulties, and in severe cases death. Clients that can gain access to these chemicals are also at risk. 1. Control Follow MSDS (material safety data sheets) if none are provided read instruction on chemicals never use chemicals /medicines unless instructions are provided. 2. No label dont use. 3. Keep chemicals in locked cabinets and locked rooms key pad rooms are better as staff arent running around looking for access. 4. Always use proper PPE equipment. 5. Use chemicals within a well-ventilated area. 6. Never hoover as this allows dust particles to move to other areas. 7. All staff need to be made aware of chemical training, chemical awareness should be rolled out to all staff especially when dealing with hazardous chemicals and waste. Hazard -Occupational related illness with a regard to a health care assistant. You should consider winter vomiting bug, pathogens or infectious diseases. Winter vomiting bugs are notorious in care facilities, hospitals this time of the year causing diarrhoea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, this in turn causes slips, trips and falls among those affected. Risk pathogens are micro-organisms. Manual Handling -Hazard Patient moving and handling. Uneven load lifeless loads, motionless clients who are bed ridden and cant assist in helping to move themselves. RISK Common cause of accidents is manual handling for the Health Care assistant. This in turn causes an impact on resources as many go out sick with injuries resulting from bad practices in manual handling. Some health care assistants can be bullied by clients into rushing not waiting for lifts, hoists or assistance from other staff members. Or shockingly some care facilities dont provide adequate hoists, lifts or staff training for certain areas or jobs. Control Avoid bad practices always refer to your training in good manual handling. Stay up to date on training keep yourself safe. Make sure client moving handling is carried out as safe as possible. Take all safety precautions lifts, two persons lift or as needed. Make sure lifting equipment are kept updated with maintenance and are checked regularly. Lighting in the area is good, considering clients abilities have them help as much as they can, this in turn helps them lifting their spirits. Footwear should be good quality good grips non-slip will help reduce slips, trips, falls. Occupational related illness Bullying. Causes of bullying can be anything from the colour of a persons hair, skin or that bully in this case I will refer to Ms. x. Ms x just had to look at me a certain way for me to know yes, its going to be a crap day. For me it was a case of too happy always smiling, friendly too helpful way too happy to be right in the head. Really my tormentor was going through a difficult time her mom had cancer. Symptoms include work going missing, taunts, called a bad mom for working, pestering, laughing when I fell over while being pushed from behind, telling lies about me to co-workers impacting how others treated me, people stopped talking for appro 8 months. Impact on the worker impact on me as a mom, daughter, sister, aunt, granddaughter, friend you start to question yourself blaming yourself that yes, I must deserve this or is there something wrong with me. My self-esteem was shot to bits I couldnt eat, sleep then Id have binges of food anything. As your always wrong in the bullys eyes you try to please people. Too happy, fat, skinny its a circle it escalated one day when she threw a fork into my face in the packed canteen, everyone just laughed or turned away trying to not make eye contact. I just walked out grabbed my car keys headed to wooded area with one thought in my mind I want the pain to end. I was a nervous wreck at this stage always ready to defend what I was doing. Things moved fast after these events, I fought to get placed on another shift. Bad news travels fast in factories with some effort on my new co-workers they saw through the crap and brought me out of my darkness. Preventive measures the wellbeing programme was introduced within the company. Work areas got split up no women on their own men were slipped into the mix. Private phone numbers were given out if you felt the need to talk (wellbeing) without everyone knowing what was going on. Confidentially line was set up if you felt you or someone you knew needed a chat, were being bullied. Talks were given on how to spot, stop things from going too far. Health and safety statement. Safety statement is a written document thats written into law. This document is a programme written to safe guard employees, visitors, workmen, and anyone that comes into the workplace environment. Safety statement is part of the Safety, Health and Welfare at work act 2005. Safety of employees. Workmen, visitors anyone visiting must be made aware of the Safety Statement. This document must ensure safety and health. Must adhere to the law and its standards. Must cover people, machinery, chemicals, and materials used. Covering work carried out.

Being Assertive Essays -- Assertiveness Personality Essays

Being Assertive Assertiveness is an ability to take action in a positive, sincere, respectful, and confident way. It is also an ability to communicate directly using language that is to the point, taking initiative, focusing on solutions, addressing problems, taking ownership of problems, and bringing the problems to a close. Assertiveness can also mean being firm, patient, persistent, pushing someone into action, encouraging, and not compromising on the solution to the problem. Assertiveness requires flexibility tailored to the individual and the situation they are placed in. People usually have three obstacles that keep them from being assertive. They are: poor communication skills, low self-esteem, and a fear of conflict. An assertive response would be: â€Å"I have some concerns about whether the idea will work. My concerns include†¦.Please help me to clear up my misunderstandings.† The assertive person does not focus on winning as such, but rather on negotiating changes to benefit himself or herself and the other parties involved. They are very clear on what they want to accomplish. The communication needs to be planned out in order to sell the idea and not seem as if the assertive person is nagging or dictating. Assertive speaking is an important communication method that is usually paired with active listening. When someone speaks assertively they are expressing themselves in a confident, direct way both verbally and nonverbally. They are speaking up to make a point but allowing for other’s ideas to be shared as well. Being assertive does not necessarily mean being aggressive. These two behaviors are quite different in their manners. Someone who is assertive allows the problem to be discussed whereas someone who is aggressive usually participates in a one-sided conversation with little listening to the other side. Someone who is aggressive usually â€Å"shoots first† before addressing the problem. An assertive person looks at a problem with solutions in mind. An aggressive person is blunt and feels that their solution is the only solution. An assertive person takes charge yet invites other ideas for solutions. An example of an aggressive response might be: â€Å"There’s no way that will work. I don’t like that idea and I don’t know what you were thinking about when you thought of it.† Aggressiveness normally is associated with anger. Anger is a natural emot... ...rectly interpret a situation. If this happens it is important to be willing to admit being wrong. Also, do not stop being assertive in the future with that person. Finally, assertiveness should not be used for intimidation or manipulation. It means standing up for beliefs, expressing anger in a tactful eloquent way, reaching out to others, building self-esteem, and learning to be more direct. It is a method to reach goals, feel good about oneself, and to demonstrate respect for others. Most importantly, do not try to be something out of the ordinary and always take other’s needs and respect into account. References Alberti, Ph.D, R., & Emmons, Ph.D, M. (1986). Your Perfect Right. 5th ed. San Luis Obispo, CA: Impact Publishers. Axelrod, A. (2000). Elizabeth I CEO. Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall Press. Bower, S. (1991). Asserting Yourself. Updated ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Brounstein, M. (2000). Coaching & Mentoring for Dummies. Foster City, CA: IDG Books Worldwide. Fensterheim, Ph.D, H., & Baer, J. (1975). Don't Say Yes When You Want to Say No. New York: Dell Publishing. Smith, Ph.D, M. (1975). When I Say No, I Feel Guilty. New York: Dial Press.

Changes in the business environment Essay

By looking out the definitions of HRP from Dessler (1999), Stone (2002), and Schuler (1998), HRP can be defined as the systematic and continuous process to ensure that organization’s human resource needs are fulfilled by ensuring that the right people with the correct skills are available when required. Shortly, HRP is essentially focus on matching the individual and the needs of the organization to gaining a competitive advantage in marketplace. HRP is important because the HR plan affects all HR activities and acts as the strategic link between organizational and HRM objectives (Stone 2002). It can reduce the human resources cost by helping management to anticipate and correct the shortages and surpluses of employees. An addition, HRP will provide a better basis for planning employee employment in order to make optimum use of workers’ attitudes and to improve their job satisfaction (Nankervis et al. 1999). HRP provide more opportunities of working for women and minority groups in the labour market. Moreover, the HPR provide a tool for evaluating the effect of alternative human resource actions and policies. Nowadays business environment is multifaceted and complex, thus the changes in business environment will have a great impact on the HRP of the organization. By the definition of HRP, to be a success organization, the organization must achieve the business objectives through the effective utilization of human resources. Therefore, organizations need to forecast the internal and external supplying of human resources through the process of HRP. Usually, the present employees who can be promoted, transferred, demoted or developed will make up the internal supply. When the internal supply of employees cannot meet the demand, organization is needed to look up the external human resources from labour market. This show that labour market is an important factor in determining human resource strategy, therefore the changes of labour market will bring the effects to the HRP of organization. Normally, business environment can be categorized to 2 which are internal environment and external environment. The internal environment involves those factors that are found within the organization, for example, organizational structure and organizational culture (Stone 2002). By  analyzing those factors of the internal environment, HR planner will be able to identify the organization’s strength and weakness in order to achieve the business objectives. The structure of an organization is referring to the organization’s framework or design which can directly affect employee productivity and behavior (Stone 2002). It refers to how work tasks are assigned, who reports to whom, and how decisions are made (Eadie n.d.). Usually there have 2 forms of the organizational structures, one is hierarchical structure and the other one is flat structure. For the hierarchical structure, organizations have narrow span of controls over their employees. In contrast, organizations have wide span of controls over their employees with the flat structure. Thus, the structure of an organization has a powerful influence the types and numbers of employee in the organization, further the size of the labour market. Therefore, base on the structure of the organization, HR manager can anticipate the number of employees that required by the organization. The organization culture is the pattern of basic assumptions, values, norms, and artifacts shared by organizational member (Cummings and Worley 1993). It tells employees how things are done, what is important and what kind of behavior is rewarded (Moorhead and Griffin 1995). Thus it has an impact on employee job satisfaction as well as on the level and quality of employee performance. However, each employee may assess the nature of an organization’s culture differently, one of them may view it positively but one of them may view it negatively. Therefore, HR managers will be major players in shaping the cultures of organization in order to enable the long-term success of the organization. The external environment involves those factors cannot be found within the organization. External environment can be categorized to 2 elements that are societal environment and task environment (Anthony et al. 1999). The factors of external environment include legal and political, economic, social, and demographic, labour market, competition, technological, and industrial relations. Each factor either separately or in combination with others, can place constraints on human resource management. Therefore, HR managers must  analyze the external environment to identify any strategic opportunities and threats that may be present in the future, so that the organization can take the advantage of external opportunities and minimize external problems. The labour market is the geographical area from which employees are recruited for a particular job (Mondy et al. 1999). Changes in the labour market create constraints i.e. societal trends and culture for employers finding applicants with the right levels of skills (Noe et al.). The unemployment rate, education levels, occupation levels, and the mix of the age and sex will be the four key used to examine the measures of labour market (Anthony et al.1999). Those people who are not working and not looking for the job, for example households, retires, and students are considered as being â€Å"out of the labour forces†. Therefore this kind of unemployed people will not be the factor of unemployment rate measurement. Usually, the unemployment rate will be high during the recession of economy because the companies fire many people out. Thus, the demand for the workers of organizations is reducing but the supply of workers from the labour market is increasing. Labour force is an uncontrollable factor by HR planner because they can’t control the number of the workers in the labour market. But employment rate is a controllable factor because HR managers can use the statistical and mathematical technique to predict the available workforce based on the past information. The economy of the nation, on the whole and its various segment, is a major environmental factor affecting human resource management. There is a case in mid-1997, when economy is booming; recruiting qualified workers is more difficult than less prosperous time. Therefore, HR managers of some organizations had to use incentive scheme to entice needed employees. On the other hand, when economy is experienced downturn, more applicants are typically available. It is because many workers losing job and the high unemployment rate, thus all of them will strive for any opportunity to get a job. Beside that the HR manager also consequently develop staffing strategies to accommodate the downturn economy. Such strategies my include job entrichment, outsourcing, the development of new product lines or new services, flexible job options (e.g. job-sharing or part-time), or  downsizing (Nankervis et al. 1999). Unfortunately, the downsizing is the main option that chose by many organizations in the early 1990s. The people cannot anticipate the crisis of economy, thus economy crisis is considered as an uncontrollable factor for the HR planners. Beside that the issue of SARS is also an uncontrollable factor of economic for the HR planners. Although economy crisis and SARS are unpredictable, HRP still play an important role for the organizations. It is because an organization with HRP can forecast the needed workers quickly than the organization without HRP during the time of economy crisis or SARS. The changes of the social are came from changes of the lifestyle of people and the changes of the nature of employment in the labour market. Today, more and more young people with a high level of education are not willing to work long time for one organization only because they want to enjoy the higher quality of lifestyle. Therefore, they are keeping on to seek the new job with the better salary and benefit that provided by the other organizations. But not all those seeking work can find a job at prevailing standards, and therefore it creates a shortage of workforce for organization. Hence, HR managers need to provide more fringe benefits to attract employee remaining in organization. Traditionally, the nature of employment is the full-time permanent employment. During recession of the economy, many organizations decide to downsizing or outsourcing their business to remain the competitive advantage in the market. Thus, this lead the nature of employment is increasingly changed to part-time or casual employment in organizations. According to the Bureau of statistic of labour force in Australia (figure 1), there is a strong evidence to show that the part-time and casual employment is increasing important between the 1973 and 1997 (Nankervis et al.). The nature of employment is a controllable factor by HR planner because they design the recruitment of employees, for example, what type of workers and how many workers that they would like to employ from labour market. The baby boom that occurred after the Second World War created a substantial increase in population and changes the demographic. Those baby boomers will reach the employment age during the 1960s and they will create a bulge in  the workforce. While the population of baby boomers has generally grown at high rate, whereas the population of baby busters, who are the next generation has grown at lower rate. Therefore, the imbalance in the age distribution of the workforce has major impact for employers and HR planners. Beside that, since the occurrence of the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and Affirmative Action (AA), the participation rates of women in the workforce are increased. The increasing number of women in the workforce is a trend that HR planner needs to recognize and accommodate. Thus, employers are obliged to provide more flexible employment options and childcare assistance to those women workers. The government can control the population in a country, for example the China issue the policy that one family only can have one child Therefore, the demographic can be considered as a controllable factor for the HRP. But sometimes HR managers cannot anticipate the fast increases of the population i.e. population explosion, thus it is an uncontrollable factor for the HRP. The changes of technology have an effect on business which dealing with human resource management. The improvement of technology advances the improvement of productivity of an organization. Today, the computer field is large and employing millions of people directly and indirectly because the computer allows much quicker access to and processing of information. Thus, more and more organizations have deserted the tradition way and bring in the technique of computer for their business operations. As technological changes occur, certain skills are no longer required, and therefore it lead to major reductions in the number of employees needed. Shoshana Zuboff (1988) was also arguing that the effects of the computer have yet to be felt since work itself will change completely as information becomes more readily available right at the workstation (Anthony et al. 1999). For example, American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) plans to reduce its workforce by 15000 employees as a result of technological changes. AT&T has also used automation to reduce the number of long-distance operators by two-thirds. Most experts do not expect the number of new jobs to match the number of lost through technological changes (Drucker 1993). Recently, there is occurring a computer virus called â€Å"So Big. F†. According to the newspaper, this virus has damaged the computer system of many organizations in short  time. If the computer system breaks down, the organization may need more employees to do the jobs that were done by the computer before. Since the HR planners cannot anticipate the occurrence of â€Å"So Big. F†, this is an uncontrollable factor of technology for the HRP. As every advanced economy becomes global, a nation’s most important competitive asset becomes the skills and cumulative learning of its workforce. This means that the people make organizations go. Therefore, how the people are selected, trained, and managed determine to a large extent how successful on organization will be (Cascio 1998). But as the changes of the environment, the task of managing people today’s world is particularly challenges. Thus, more and more organizations emphasize on the HRP to forecast the demand for and supply of human resources. That is why the personnel department transforming to human resource department in many organizations.